Diagnostic Code 6042 · 38 CFR §4.79
Retinal dystrophy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) involve progressive deterioration of the retina, particularly the macula responsible for central vision. AMD is the leading cause of vision loss in older adults and comes in two forms: dry (atrophic) which progresses slowly, and wet (neovascular) which can cause rapid vision loss from abnormal blood vessel growth. For veterans, macular degeneration may be connected to service through toxic exposures, chronic UV exposure, or as secondary to other service-connected conditions. Younger veterans may develop retinal dystrophies from genetic conditions aggravated by service or from toxic exposures.
| Rating | Criteria |
|---|---|
| 10% | Early macular changes with mild visual acuity loss meeting the 10 percent threshold, or documented drusen with beginning functional impact. |
| 20% | Moderate visual acuity loss from macular degeneration meeting the 20 percent level in the rating tables. |
| 30% | Significant central vision loss in one or both eyes, difficulty reading standard print or recognizing faces. |
| 50% | Severe central vision loss substantially limiting independence in daily activities. |
| 100% | Legal blindness or total functional vision loss from end-stage macular degeneration in both eyes. |
Comprehensive dilated eye examination, OCT imaging showing macular changes (drusen, atrophy, or fluid), visual acuity testing at distance and near, Amsler grid testing documenting scotomas, fluorescein angiography if wet AMD is suspected, documentation of toxic exposures during service or connection to a service-connected condition, and records showing onset or acceleration during or after service.
Yes, through several theories. Chronic UV exposure during outdoor service, toxic chemical or radiation exposure, or aggravation by service-connected conditions (particularly cardiovascular disease or diabetes) can establish service connection even for a condition that also occurs with aging.
Both are rated under the same diagnostic code based on resulting visual impairment. However, wet AMD typically causes more rapid and severe vision loss, potentially qualifying for higher ratings sooner. Wet AMD also involves more intensive treatment (monthly injections) which may support incapacitating episode claims.
Yes. Establishing service connection early is critical because AMD typically worsens over time. Once connected, future increases can be claimed without re-proving the service link. Even a 0 percent rating establishes the connection and entitles you to VA treatment.
While diabetic retinopathy (DC 6040) is the direct diabetic eye complication, research shows diabetics have elevated AMD risk. A medical opinion linking your AMD to service-connected diabetes, particularly if other risk factors are minimal, can support a secondary connection claim.